Silica (or silicon dioxide), as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. The metalloid is rarely found in pure crystal form and is usually produced from the iron-silicon alloy ferrosilicon. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, exceeded only by oxygen.
Silicon was discovered and first isolated by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1823. The silicon atom has a radius of 111 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 210 pm. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electron configuration is 3s 2 3p 2.
Silicon (atomic symbol: Si, atomic number: 14) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element with an atomic weight of 28.085. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Typical and custom packaging is available. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade) ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Silicon Metal 29 isotopic material is generally immediately available. For thin film applications it is available as rod, pellets, pieces, granules and sputtering targets and as either an ingot or powder.
Silicon Metal is also available in ultra high purity and as nanoparticles. Silicon 29 Metal is one of over 250 stable metallic isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. It is both naturally occurring and produced by fission. Silicon 29 Metal (Silicon-29) is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of Silicon.
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